When Did Subaru Switch to a Timing Chain

Subaru made the switch from timing belts to timing chains in most of its engines starting in 2010, beginning with the EJ25 boxer engines. This change improved long-term reliability and reduced maintenance needs, especially in popular models like the Outback, Forester, and Legacy. Timing chains last longer and don’t require regular replacement like belts, making them a smart upgrade for Subaru owners.

This is a comprehensive guide about When Did Subaru Switch to a Timing Chain.

Key Takeaways

• Subaru began switching to timing chains in 2010: The transition started with the EJ25 2.5-liter boxer engines used in models like the Outback and Forester.
• Timing chains last longer than belts: Unlike timing belts that need replacement every 60,000–100,000 miles, timing chains are designed to last the life of the engine under normal conditions.
• Improved reliability and reduced maintenance: The switch to timing chains reduced the risk of engine damage from belt failure and lowered long-term ownership costs.
• Not all Subaru engines use timing chains: Some newer turbocharged engines, like the FA24 in the WRX and Ascent, still use timing belts due to design and performance needs.
• Proper maintenance is still important: Even with timing chains, regular oil changes and engine care are essential to prevent premature wear or failure.
• Timing chain vs. belt affects resale value: Vehicles with timing chains often have higher resale value due to lower maintenance concerns.
• Know your model and engine type: Always check your owner’s manual or VIN to confirm whether your Subaru has a timing chain or belt.

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When Did Subaru Switch to a Timing Chain?

If you’ve ever owned a Subaru or are thinking about buying one, you’ve probably heard about timing belts and timing chains. These small but mighty components are crucial to your engine’s performance. They keep the camshaft and crankshaft in sync, making sure your engine’s valves open and close at the right time. But here’s the big question: when did Subaru switch from timing belts to timing chains?

The short answer? Subaru started making the switch in 2010. That’s when the company began phasing out timing belts in favor of timing chains in many of its most popular models. This change wasn’t just a minor update—it was a major step forward in engine reliability and long-term durability.

Before 2010, most Subaru engines, especially the 2.5-liter EJ25 boxer engines, used timing belts. These belts needed to be replaced every 60,000 to 100,000 miles, depending on the model and driving conditions. If you missed that maintenance window, a broken timing belt could cause catastrophic engine damage—especially in interference engines, where the pistons and valves can collide.

But starting in 2010, Subaru began installing timing chains in many of its naturally aspirated EJ25 engines. This meant fewer maintenance headaches and greater peace of mind for drivers. The timing chain, made of metal links like a bicycle chain, is much stronger and more durable than a rubber timing belt. It doesn’t wear out as quickly and is designed to last the lifetime of the engine—assuming you take good care of it.

Of course, not every Subaru made the switch at the same time. Some models and engine types still use timing belts today, especially in turbocharged variants. But for the majority of everyday drivers—those behind the wheel of an Outback, Forester, or Legacy—the timing chain has become the standard.

So why did Subaru make this change? It all comes down to reliability, cost, and customer satisfaction. Timing belts are cheaper to produce, but they require regular replacement. Timing chains cost more upfront but save owners money over time by eliminating the need for frequent replacements. Plus, fewer breakdowns mean happier customers and better brand reputation.

In this article, we’ll dive deep into the history of Subaru’s timing system evolution, explain the differences between timing belts and chains, and help you understand which Subaru models use which system. Whether you’re a longtime Subaru fan or a first-time buyer, knowing when Subaru switched to a timing chain can help you make smarter decisions about maintenance, repairs, and vehicle longevity.

Understanding Timing Belts vs. Timing Chains

Before we get into the specifics of when Subaru made the switch, it’s important to understand the difference between timing belts and timing chains. These two components do the same job—synchronizing the engine’s camshaft and crankshaft—but they do it in very different ways.

What Is a Timing Belt?

A timing belt is a reinforced rubber belt with teeth on the inside. It connects the crankshaft to the camshaft(s), ensuring that the engine’s valves open and close in perfect harmony with the pistons. Timing belts are quiet, lightweight, and cost-effective to manufacture. That’s why they were the go-to choice for many automakers, including Subaru, for decades.

However, timing belts have a major downside: they wear out. Rubber degrades over time, especially when exposed to heat, oil, and constant motion. Most manufacturers recommend replacing the timing belt every 60,000 to 100,000 miles. If you ignore this maintenance, the belt can snap, causing the engine to stop suddenly. In interference engines—like most Subarus—this can lead to bent valves, damaged pistons, and thousands of dollars in repair costs.

What Is a Timing Chain?

A timing chain, on the other hand, is made of metal links, similar to a bicycle chain. It’s stronger, more durable, and designed to last much longer than a timing belt. Because it’s made of metal, it doesn’t degrade as quickly from heat or age. In fact, many automakers claim that timing chains can last the entire life of the engine—often 200,000 miles or more—with proper maintenance.

Timing chains are heavier and can be noisier than belts, especially as they wear. They also require lubrication from engine oil, which means regular oil changes are essential to keep them running smoothly. But the trade-off is worth it: fewer replacements, less risk of sudden failure, and greater long-term reliability.

Key Differences at a Glance

Here’s a quick comparison to help you understand the pros and cons:

• Material: Timing belts are made of rubber; timing chains are made of metal.
• Lifespan: Belts last 60,000–100,000 miles; chains can last 200,000+ miles.
• Maintenance: Belts require regular replacement; chains need oil changes but rarely need replacing.
• Cost: Belts are cheaper to replace; chains are more expensive if they fail but rarely do.
• Noise: Belts are quieter; chains can produce a slight rattle when worn.
• Risk of Failure: Belt failure can destroy the engine; chain failure is rare but can still cause damage.

For Subaru owners, this difference is huge. Before the switch, missing a timing belt replacement could mean a costly engine rebuild. After the switch, that risk dropped significantly—especially for naturally aspirated engines.

The History of Subaru’s Timing System Evolution

Subaru has a long history of using boxer engines—horizontally opposed pistons that give the brand its signature smooth, balanced performance. But for most of that history, those engines relied on timing belts. Let’s take a look at how Subaru’s timing system evolved over the years.

Early Subaru Engines and the Timing Belt Era

From the 1970s through the 2000s, Subaru’s EJ-series boxer engines were almost exclusively equipped with timing belts. These included the EJ15, EJ16, EJ18, EJ20, and EJ25 engines found in models like the Impreza, Legacy, Outback, and Forester. The timing belt was a standard feature, and owners were well aware of the need for regular replacement.

During this time, Subaru built a reputation for reliability, but the timing belt was a known weak point. Many owners learned the hard way that skipping the replacement interval could lead to disaster. For example, a 2005 Subaru Outback with 90,000 miles and no belt replacement could be a ticking time bomb. If the belt snapped, the engine could suffer internal damage, especially in the interference design where pistons and valves occupy the same space at different times.

Subaru recommended replacing the timing belt every 105,000 miles for most EJ engines, but some models had shorter intervals. The 2.2-liter EJ22, for instance, had a recommended replacement at 60,000 to 90,000 miles. This created confusion and anxiety among owners, especially those who didn’t keep detailed maintenance records.

The Shift Begins: 2010 and the Introduction of Timing Chains

Everything changed in 2010. That’s when Subaru began introducing timing chains into its naturally aspirated EJ25 2.5-liter engines. The first models to get the upgrade were the 2010 Subaru Outback and Legacy. These vehicles, equipped with the EJ255 (turbo) and EJ253 (naturally aspirated) engines, started using timing chains in the non-turbo versions.

Why 2010? Several factors played a role. First, customer feedback highlighted the stress and cost of timing belt replacements. Second, advancements in engine design made timing chains more practical. Third, Subaru wanted to improve long-term reliability and reduce warranty claims related to belt failure.

The timing chain used in these engines was a robust, roller-type chain designed to handle the stresses of a boxer engine. It was lubricated by engine oil and monitored by the engine control unit (ECU) to detect any unusual wear or slack.

Expansion to Other Models

After the successful rollout in the Outback and Legacy, Subaru expanded the timing chain to other models. By 2011, the Forester with the 2.5-liter engine also made the switch. The Impreza and Crosstrek followed in later years, depending on the engine type and model year.

It’s important to note that not all engines made the switch at the same time. Turbocharged engines, like the EJ255 in the WRX and STI, continued to use timing belts. This was partly due to the higher stresses and temperatures in turbo engines, which can accelerate chain wear. Additionally, timing belts allow for more precise control in high-performance applications.

The FA Engine Series and Modern Subarus

In 2012, Subaru introduced its new FA-series engines, starting with the FA20 2.0-liter boxer in the BRZ. These newer engines were designed with efficiency and performance in mind. Some FA engines, like the FA24 in the 2019+ WRX and 2020+ Ascent, still use timing belts—especially in turbocharged variants.

So while Subaru has moved toward timing chains in many of its mainstream models, the belt hasn’t disappeared entirely. The choice between belt and chain depends on the engine’s design, performance goals, and intended use.

Which Subaru Models Use Timing Chains?

Now that you know when Subaru made the switch, you’re probably wondering: does your Subaru have a timing chain or a timing belt? The answer depends on the model, engine, and year. Let’s break it down.

Subaru Models with Timing Chains (Post-2010)

Most naturally aspirated Subaru models from 2010 onward use timing chains. Here are the key models and engines:

• 2010–2019 Subaru Outback (2.5L EJ253): Uses a timing chain. The 3.6L H6 model also uses a chain.
• 2010–2019 Subaru Legacy (2.5L EJ253): Timing chain standard.
• 2011–2018 Subaru Forester (2.5L EJ253): Timing chain used in non-turbo models.
• 2013–2016 Subaru Crosstrek (2.0L EJ20): Timing chain in naturally aspirated versions.
• 2017–2021 Subaru Impreza (2.0L FB20): Uses a timing chain.
• 2019–2021 Subaru Ascent (2.4L FA24T): Turbocharged, but uses a timing belt (exception).

These models are generally low-maintenance when it comes to timing systems. You don’t need to worry about replacing the timing chain unless there’s a problem—like a stretched chain or worn tensioner.

Subaru Models with Timing Belts

Despite the shift, some Subaru models still use timing belts. These are typically turbocharged or high-performance engines:

• 2002–2014 Subaru WRX (2.0L EJ205, 2.5L EJ255): Timing belt required.
• 2004–2021 Subaru STI (2.5L EJ257): Timing belt standard.
• 2015–2018 Subaru WRX (2.0L FA20DIT): Turbocharged FA engine with timing belt.
• 2019–2021 Subaru WRX (2.4L FA24F): Still uses a timing belt.
• 2020–2021 Subaru Ascent (2.4L FA24T): Timing belt used despite being a newer model.

If you own one of these models, it’s critical to follow the manufacturer’s recommended replacement interval—usually every 60,000 to 100,000 miles. Ignoring it could lead to engine failure.

How to Check Your Subaru’s Timing System

Not sure whether your Subaru has a timing chain or belt? Here’s how to find out:

• Check the owner’s manual: This is the easiest way. Look under “Engine” or “Maintenance.”
• Use your VIN: Enter your Vehicle Identification Number on Subaru’s official website or a VIN decoder tool.
• Ask a mechanic: A trusted Subaru technician can quickly identify the system during an inspection.
• Look under the hood: Timing chains are usually covered by a metal cover; belts are behind a plastic cover. But this isn’t always reliable.

Knowing your engine type is the best way to stay on top of maintenance.

Benefits of Timing Chains in Subaru Engines

So why did Subaru make the switch? The benefits of timing chains go beyond just avoiding a broken belt. Let’s explore the advantages.

Longer Lifespan and Reduced Maintenance

The biggest benefit of a timing chain is its longevity. Unlike a timing belt that needs replacement every 60,000 to 100,000 miles, a timing chain can last 200,000 miles or more. That means fewer trips to the mechanic and lower long-term ownership costs.

For example, a 2015 Subaru Outback with a timing chain might never need a timing system replacement if properly maintained. Compare that to a 2008 Outback with a timing belt, which would need at least one—possibly two—replacements over the same period.

Improved Reliability and Peace of Mind

Timing chains are less likely to fail unexpectedly. While they can stretch or wear over time, they don’t degrade as quickly as rubber belts. This reduces the risk of sudden engine failure, especially on the highway or in extreme weather.

For Subaru owners who drive in harsh conditions—like snow, mud, or high altitudes—this reliability is a major advantage. You don’t have to worry about a snapped belt leaving you stranded.

Better Resale Value

Vehicles with timing chains often have higher resale value. Buyers know they won’t face a costly timing belt replacement in the near future. This makes timing chain-equipped Subarus more attractive on the used market.

For example, a 2016 Forester with a timing chain might sell for $1,000–$2,000 more than a similar 2009 model with a timing belt that’s due for replacement.

Environmental and Cost Benefits

Fewer replacements mean less waste. Timing belts are made of rubber and fiber, which aren’t easily recyclable. By using timing chains, Subaru reduces the environmental impact of maintenance.

Additionally, while timing chains cost more to manufacture, they save owners money over time. A timing belt replacement can cost $500–$1,000, including labor. Over the life of a vehicle, that adds up.

Maintenance Tips for Subaru Timing Chains

Even though timing chains are built to last, they’re not maintenance-free. Here’s how to keep yours in top shape.

Regular Oil Changes Are Critical

Timing chains rely on engine oil for lubrication. Dirty or low oil can cause premature wear, stretching, or even failure. Subaru recommends oil changes every 6,000 miles or 6 months for most models.

Use high-quality synthetic oil and a genuine Subaru oil filter. Avoid cheap alternatives that can break down under heat and pressure.

Watch for Warning Signs

While timing chain failure is rare, it can happen. Watch for these signs:

• Rattling noise at startup: A loose or worn chain may rattle for a few seconds after starting.
• Check engine light: The ECU may detect timing irregularities.
• Poor performance or misfires: Incorrect valve timing can cause rough running.
• Oil leaks near the timing cover: Could indicate a failing seal or gasket.

If you notice any of these, have your Subaru inspected by a professional.

Don’t Ignore the Tensioner and Guides

The timing chain is supported by a tensioner and guide rails. These components can wear out over time. A failing tensioner can cause the chain to slack, leading to timing issues.

Most mechanics include tensioner and guide inspection during major services. If your chain is removed for any reason, consider replacing these parts as a preventative measure.

Stick to the Maintenance Schedule

Even with a timing chain, follow Subaru’s recommended maintenance schedule. This includes:

• Oil and filter changes
• Spark plug replacements
• Air filter changes
• Coolant flushes

A well-maintained engine is less likely to experience timing system problems.

Conclusion

So, when did Subaru switch to a timing chain? The answer is 2010—a pivotal year that marked a major improvement in engine reliability for the brand. By replacing timing belts with timing chains in most naturally aspirated models, Subaru gave drivers greater peace of mind, lower maintenance costs, and longer engine life.

While not every Subaru uses a timing chain—some turbocharged models still rely on belts—the trend is clear: Subaru is moving toward more durable, low-maintenance engines. Whether you drive an Outback, Forester, or Legacy, knowing your timing system can save you time, money, and stress.

The switch to timing chains reflects Subaru’s commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. It’s one of the many reasons why Subarus remain popular among outdoor enthusiasts, families, and commuters alike.

If you’re shopping for a used Subaru, always check whether it has a timing chain or belt. And if you already own one, stay on top of maintenance—especially oil changes—to keep your timing system running smoothly for years to come.

With the right care, your Subaru’s timing chain could last as long as you do.

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Subaru start using timing chains?

Subaru began switching to timing chains in 2010, starting with the naturally aspirated 2.5-liter EJ25 engines in models like the Outback and Legacy. This change improved reliability and reduced maintenance needs.

Do all Subaru engines have timing chains?

No, not all Subaru engines use timing chains. Many turbocharged models, like the WRX and Ascent, still use timing belts due to performance and design requirements.

How long does a Subaru timing chain last?

A Subaru timing chain is designed to last the life of the engine—typically 200,000 miles or more—with proper maintenance, including regular oil changes.

Can a timing chain fail?

Yes, though rare, timing chains can fail due to wear, poor lubrication, or a faulty tensioner. Symptoms include rattling noises, check engine lights, or poor performance.

Do I need to replace my Subaru’s timing chain?

Generally, no. Timing chains don’t require scheduled replacement like belts. However, if you notice warning signs, have it inspected by a mechanic.

What happens if a timing belt breaks in a Subaru?

If a timing belt breaks in a Subaru with an interference engine, the pistons and valves can collide, causing severe internal damage and potentially requiring a full engine rebuild.